Bremer, Gustav Cornelis
(abridged version Bonas Essay)
Gustav Cornelis (Kees) Bremer was born in Rotterdam on July 7, 1880. He enrolled at the Polytechnic School in Delft, where he graduated as a structural engineer in 1904. In those years, the professor in Delft was E.H. Gugel and from 1902 his successor H.J. Evers. They used the methods of the French École des Beaux-Arts.
Bremer moved to The Hague in 1907. There, probably as head of the drawing office, he worked on the construction of the Peace Palace, under the supervision of J.A.G. van der Steur.
In 1911, Bremer moved to Arnhem, presumably to work with the older and regionally known architect A.R. Freem. Bremer and Freem built several country houses in the Arnhem area, of which,as a result of war, little documentation has survived.
At the Rijksgebouwendienst
In January 1916, Bremer finished his work in Arnhem and was hired as a "temporary supervisor" with the title of "temporary engineer" at the Government Buildings Service. This employment was converted to 'deputy government architect' in mid-March. In this capacity, Bremer took the place of M.J. Granpré Molière.
Chief Government Architect
In June 1922, the Council of Ministers decided to unite four of the largest government building departments under the Ministry of Finance. In November of the same year, Bremer was appointed acting Chief Government Architect and later head of the New Building Department.
Bremer and the architectural world
Bremer remained active in the architectural world during his State Building Master's tenure. For example, he became a member of the Union of Dutch Architects (BNA) in January 1925 and served on the editorial board of the Bouwkundig Weekblad for the MBVA, later BNA.
Despite his busy work, Bremer did not lose sight of the importance of his hometown. In February 1931 he wrote a letter to the municipality of Wassenaar to promote the preservation of the dunes, and on May 28 he accepted membership in the beauty commission that had been created, of which he would remain a faithful member, often in the role of chairman, until 1942.
The best years
In 1930, Bremer served as a member of an expert committee, along with J.Th.J. Cuypers and A.R. Hulshoff, among others, that had been established by the city of Leiden to advise on a new design by Dudok for the fire-ravaged city hall. Dudok had submitted a design for a new town hall while retaining the old facade. The architect received strong criticism from the committee, and two years later a design by C.J. Blaauw was realized.
Bremer spent most of his time in Limburg between 1929 and 1935. He had received the prestigious commission to design and build the Gouvernementsgebouw with residence for the Queen's Commissioner in Maastricht, a project that would not be completed until 1935. It became one of his masterpieces. Bremer succeeded in designing an imposing and harmoniously composed complex that - without being a historicizing building - fitted well into the delicate urban fabric of Maastricht's old city center.
At the same time, in the same city, Bremer was exceptionally charged by the Ministry of Water Management with designing a new bridge over the Meuse River, the later Wilhelmina Bridge, and restoring the Old Bridge (St. Servaas Bridge).
The extensive commissions in Maastricht had heavy political overtones, and Bremer came under fire as a state architect and as a "Dutchman" in Limburg.
Monument conservation and restorations
In 1933, Bremer was hired as a member of the National Commission for the Preservation of Monuments, a task he held until his death. By Royal Decree, the Departments A and B of the former State Commission for the Preservation of Monuments had been dissolved and their duties and powers transferred to a new State Commission, with chairman J.A.G. van der Steur and secretary J. Kalf, who was also director of the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments. Bremer was part of the Section for the Preservation of Monuments, along with J.A.G. van der Steur, A.W.M. Odé, E.A. van Beresteyn, E.J. Beumer, H.A. van Heeswijk and others. In the minutes of the December 16, 1933 meeting of the State Committee, it can be read, how Bremer took a very active part in the discussions.
Bremer was always present at the meetings of Monumentenzorg and he volunteered in 1938 together with E.A. van Beresteyn on the occasion of the exhibition in San Francisco. Whether he actually went there is not known.
Furthermore, between 1937 and 1938, Bremer worked with L. Bok on the protection of monuments and planning regarding the restoration of monuments in the event of war damage. In March 1940, Bremer served as vice-chairman of the Section at the Preservation of Monuments, and he was appointed deputy section chairman of the General Board.
An individual style
Bremer gradually developed his own style. It is not known in what manner Bremer worked while designing. Probably at first his drawings were set up using grids, in the manner introduced in the Netherlands by J.L. Lauweriks in the early twentieth century. Due to the lack of later drawings by Bremer, it is impossible to prove whether he always used the same method for his creations.
About designing houses, Bremer had a specific theory. He usually built them within the Dutch tradition, but his main architectural principle was to design a comfortable interior. With this, Bremer pointed to the English architects and art critics, especially J. Ruskin, whose principle "Houses are built to live in, not to look at" he quoted and followed. Except for some of his early designs, Bremer's country houses were influenced by English architecture. With their striking chimneys, the two-story bay windows, the round windows, they are reminiscent of the architecture of the architect E.L. Lutyens. Typical of Bremer is the fact that the main entrance, with an eye to privacy, is usually not located on the street side.
In his early designs, Bremer strictly followed the learned rules of the Beaux-Arts. This can be seen in the U-shaped floor plans within which the various elements were grouped symmetrically and the climax that the user had to experience from the entrance to the center of the building. The facades were also symmetrically arranged with a base, often of natural stone, and a frieze and with decorations, never excessive, that emphasized the function of the building. The form and individual structural elements of the building carry symbolic meaning. Another characteristic that would always distinguish Bremer's designs: attention to the position of a building in its existing surroundings. It seemed that Bremer had developed a successful formula for different purposes.
Conclusion
Bremer played an important role in Dutch architectural history, not only as a national architect, but also as a political figure thanks to his influential position.
As deputy, and later in the position of Chief Government Architect, he gave status to national buildings, which were characterized by monumentality, allure and solidity. Through the proportions, the layout of the facades, the use of beautiful, unusual building materials such as different types of brick and natural stone, the use of simplified classical elements and attention to detail, his buildings harmonize with the existing environment. The buildings are massive in form, but thanks to the simplicity and balance between the various architectural elements and attention to detail, they do not appear heavy. He gave special attention to the functionality and internal circulation of the buildings. The buildings were clearly designed for the users.
The Chief Government Architect was able to inspire his collaborators and artists of different disciplines to work together for a common goal.
His work as the Chief Government Architect was subservient and the limitations on his creative freedom were great. He had to wrestle with the demands of the various users with each design, and he was also bound by extreme financial limits, prompted at first by Van Lynden's severe austerity measures, later by the general financial malaise, and finally because of World War II. Nevertheless, it seems that Bremer saw these circumstances more as a challenge than an obstacle. His unbridled dedication and productivity are the main proof of this.
Education:
Hogere Burgerschool Rotterdam/; Polytechnische School Delft/1899-1904
Additional positions:
Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst/architect-member/1908; Bestuur Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, section The Hague/commissioner/1910-1911; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Permanente commissie van onderzoek/member/1915-1917; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie voor het nazien van de rekening en verantwoording van het bestuur/lid/1915; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie ten einde het instituut der schoonheidscommissie en der bouwkundige Adviesbureaux in studie/lid/1917; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie van onderzoek/reservelid/1919; Bouwkundig Weekblad, editorial board/member/1922-1925; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie van Voorlichting/member/1925-1928; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie tot reorganisatie van den dienst der landsgebouwen/member/1922; Commissie Jubilee Exhibition 25th anniversary of Queen Wilhelmina's reign/member/1923; Commissie voor de normalisatie van keuringsvoorschriften voor bouwmaterialen/member/1924; Bond van Nederlandse Architecten (BNA)/member/; Exposition des Arts Décoratief et Industriels modernes/participant/1925; Jury Contest Watertoren te Wassenaar/secretary/1927; Commissie Voorlichting BNA (advice regarding the commission for the design of a city hall).b.b.t. assignment design city hall Enschede)/member/1928; Schoonheidscommissie Wassenaar/member/1928-1942; Tentoonstellingsgraad i.v.m. Dutch Pavilion Belgian Exhibition 1929/advisor/1929; Jury Competition City Hall The Hague/member/1929-1935; Jury Competition HAV Bank at Schiedam/member/1929; Committee for Restoration and Extension of Leiden City Hall/member/1930; Municipal Advisory Committee new City Hall and Police Headquarters The Hague/member/1930; Jury Competition for a new traffic road, between the Maas Bridge under construction and the Market Square at Maastricht/member/1931; Municipal Committee of Advisors i.Regarding plans for the new town hall in Leiden/member/1931; Municipal Commission advisors regarding. plans for the new city hall at Leiden/member/1932; Rijkscommissie voor Beeldende Kunstopdrachten/ member/1932; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg/member/1933; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, Sectie voor de instandhouding der Monumenten, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht/member/1934-1936; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht, committee on supervision and restoration and maintenance Leidse stadhuis)/member/1935-1940; Jury HAC (Haagsche Architecten Club) prize for unemployed architects/member/1936; Central committee, advisory committee on bounded arts (architecture)/member/1937-unknown; Jury 2 competitions Group Government Building Service of the Association of Technical Officers in Government and Semi-Government Service (BTA)/member/1939; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, committee for supervision and restoration and maintenance/ vice-chair/1940; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht/place deputy section chairman/1940; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht, committee for supervision and restoration and maintenance Leidse stadhuis, church in Rhenen, buildings Damterrein/member/1941; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, daily committee/acting chairman/1945; Bestuur van het Nationale Park Hoge Veluwe, Otterlo/member/1945 (about); Bestuur van het Rijksmuseum Otterlo/member/1945 (about); Voorlopige Monumentenraad, afdeling II Monumentenzorg/member/1946; Provisional Monuments Board Section V, National Commission for the Protection of Monuments from the Danger of War/member and vice-chairman/1946; Commission for the Description of Monuments in Danger of War/ vice-chairman/1946; Provisional Monuments Board, Commission for the Preparation of a Draft Monuments Act/chairman/1946-1949; Beauty Commission The Hague/member/; Commission for the Reconstruction of The Hague/member/1940-1946 (about); Architectural Commission South Holland [for Reconstruction]/member/1941; Reconstruction Rotterdam/supervisor/1941; Board of Assistance of the National Planning Department/head/1944; Provisional Monuments Board Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenbeschrijving (IV)/member/1946; Jury competition for the extension of Sociëteit De Witte The Hague/member/1924; Jury competition BTA for school building for boys and girls annex kindergarten/member/1939; Jury competition BTA 5 photos modern architecture, 5 photos free subjects/member/1939
Honors:
Knight of the Order of the Dutch Lion/1930
Archives:
Gemeentearchief Rotterdam/population register, inv.no. 3114 (birth certificate), inv.no. 34440 (population register); Noord-Hollands Archief/population register Haarlem 1880-1900, inv.nos. 356, 444, 991; Gemeentearchief Rijskwijk/population register; Gemeentearchief Wassenaar/Oud Archief Wassenaar, population register 1897-1934, part VII, sheet 83, inv.no. 947; Gelders Archive/Municipal Archives Rheden; NAi/BREX (drawings etc.); NAi/BERL, inv.no. 128 b (letter to Berlage); NAi/archive BNA, inv.no. 92 (signed form); RACM/Annual Report of the National Commission for the Preservation of Historic Buildings 1934-1946 and Provisional Monument Board 1946-1962; Central Bureau of Genealogy/inv.no. 9251
Catalog of the exhibition Netherlands builds in brick 1800-1940Building '20-'40 : the Dutch contribution to new constructionThe State Architects : two centuries of architecture of the State Building Department and its predecessorsArchitettura edilizia urbanistica Olanda 1917/1940Rotterdam and how it built [1940]Nieuw-Nederlandsche bouwkunst = Architecture moderne en Hollande = Moderne Architektur in Holland = Modern architecture in Holland : a collection of photographic images of Dutch modern buildings with floor plansSketches from the history of Monument Preservation in the Netherlands.Some notes on the postal service since 1650 in Rotterdam and the buildings in which it was carried outThe building of the Netherlands : Dutch pavilions at world exhibitions 1910-1958Blocks on the breach : history of planning and construction of the new Academic Hospital Groningen (1967-1997)Aloysius Adrianus van Hemert (1891-1970)Gustavus Cornelis Bremer 1880 - 1949 Chief Government ArchitectG.C. Bremer 1880-1949 : chief government architectThe Gouvernementsgebouw at MaastrichtA Century of Park De Kieviet 1910 - 2010A communication-theoretical architectural study : the architecture of Ir. G.C. BremerNew Dutch Biographical DictionaryDesigns for the renovation and expansion of the building of the Lower House of the States General submitted in response to the invitation by H.E. the Minister of Waterways and Public Works.National Building Service and its predecessors's Gravenhage's town hall plans15th International Congress of Architects in WashingtonArchitect Mutters seventy yearsArchitectural commissions for reconstructionArchitectural work along the Southern VeluwezoomDevelopment of the Wieringermeer with villages, farms and farm workers' housesPosts. Personalia. J. van Looy †At the sculpture of Mr. J. van LunterenUnion of Dutch ArchitectsUnion of Dutch ArchitectsArchitecture exhibition 1893-1923 at Amsterdam (II)Commission to compile a list of architectsThe architecture of Gustav Cornelis BremerThe auditorium of the Rijksuniversiteit in Utrecht.20th century architecture in MaastrichtOne's own history [book review]Architectural union merger failsThe history of our P.T.T. waiting roomsThe high school for girls at ArnhemThe new CoolsingelThe new Maas bridge at Maastricht
keywords
Bremer, G.C. (Gustav Cornelis) / ArchivaliaGelder, C. (Cornelis) van / ArchivaliaKramer, A.J. (Albert Jan) / ArchivesJubilee Exhibition 1923 / CollectionHemert, A.A. (Aloysius Adrianus) van / ArchivaliaRijksacademie van Beeldende Kunsten Amsterdam: drawings / Collectionphoto of Gouvernementsgebouw at MaastrichtPortrait Ir. G.C. Bremer
isAgentAssociatedWithAgent
Bremer, Gustav Cornelis
(abridged version Bonas Essay)
Gustav Cornelis (Kees) Bremer was born in Rotterdam on July 7, 1880. He enrolled at the Polytechnic School in Delft, where he graduated as a structural engineer in 1904. In those years, the professor in Delft was E.H. Gugel and from 1902 his successor H.J. Evers. They used the methods of the French École des Beaux-Arts.
Bremer moved to The Hague in 1907. There, probably as head of the drawing office, he worked on the construction of the Peace Palace, under the supervision of J.A.G. van der Steur.
In 1911, Bremer moved to Arnhem, presumably to work with the older and regionally known architect A.R. Freem. Bremer and Freem built several country houses in the Arnhem area, of which,as a result of war, little documentation has survived.
At the Rijksgebouwendienst
In January 1916, Bremer finished his work in Arnhem and was hired as a "temporary supervisor" with the title of "temporary engineer" at the Government Buildings Service. This employment was converted to 'deputy government architect' in mid-March. In this capacity, Bremer took the place of M.J. Granpré Molière.
Chief Government Architect
In June 1922, the Council of Ministers decided to unite four of the largest government building departments under the Ministry of Finance. In November of the same year, Bremer was appointed acting Chief Government Architect and later head of the New Building Department.
Bremer and the architectural world
Bremer remained active in the architectural world during his State Building Master's tenure. For example, he became a member of the Union of Dutch Architects (BNA) in January 1925 and served on the editorial board of the Bouwkundig Weekblad for the MBVA, later BNA.
Despite his busy work, Bremer did not lose sight of the importance of his hometown. In February 1931 he wrote a letter to the municipality of Wassenaar to promote the preservation of the dunes, and on May 28 he accepted membership in the beauty commission that had been created, of which he would remain a faithful member, often in the role of chairman, until 1942.
The best years
In 1930, Bremer served as a member of an expert committee, along with J.Th.J. Cuypers and A.R. Hulshoff, among others, that had been established by the city of Leiden to advise on a new design by Dudok for the fire-ravaged city hall. Dudok had submitted a design for a new town hall while retaining the old facade. The architect received strong criticism from the committee, and two years later a design by C.J. Blaauw was realized.
Bremer spent most of his time in Limburg between 1929 and 1935. He had received the prestigious commission to design and build the Gouvernementsgebouw with residence for the Queen's Commissioner in Maastricht, a project that would not be completed until 1935. It became one of his masterpieces. Bremer succeeded in designing an imposing and harmoniously composed complex that - without being a historicizing building - fitted well into the delicate urban fabric of Maastricht's old city center.
At the same time, in the same city, Bremer was exceptionally charged by the Ministry of Water Management with designing a new bridge over the Meuse River, the later Wilhelmina Bridge, and restoring the Old Bridge (St. Servaas Bridge).
The extensive commissions in Maastricht had heavy political overtones, and Bremer came under fire as a state architect and as a "Dutchman" in Limburg.
Monument conservation and restorations
In 1933, Bremer was hired as a member of the National Commission for the Preservation of Monuments, a task he held until his death. By Royal Decree, the Departments A and B of the former State Commission for the Preservation of Monuments had been dissolved and their duties and powers transferred to a new State Commission, with chairman J.A.G. van der Steur and secretary J. Kalf, who was also director of the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments. Bremer was part of the Section for the Preservation of Monuments, along with J.A.G. van der Steur, A.W.M. Odé, E.A. van Beresteyn, E.J. Beumer, H.A. van Heeswijk and others. In the minutes of the December 16, 1933 meeting of the State Committee, it can be read, how Bremer took a very active part in the discussions.
Bremer was always present at the meetings of Monumentenzorg and he volunteered in 1938 together with E.A. van Beresteyn on the occasion of the exhibition in San Francisco. Whether he actually went there is not known.
Furthermore, between 1937 and 1938, Bremer worked with L. Bok on the protection of monuments and planning regarding the restoration of monuments in the event of war damage. In March 1940, Bremer served as vice-chairman of the Section at the Preservation of Monuments, and he was appointed deputy section chairman of the General Board.
An individual style
Bremer gradually developed his own style. It is not known in what manner Bremer worked while designing. Probably at first his drawings were set up using grids, in the manner introduced in the Netherlands by J.L. Lauweriks in the early twentieth century. Due to the lack of later drawings by Bremer, it is impossible to prove whether he always used the same method for his creations.
About designing houses, Bremer had a specific theory. He usually built them within the Dutch tradition, but his main architectural principle was to design a comfortable interior. With this, Bremer pointed to the English architects and art critics, especially J. Ruskin, whose principle "Houses are built to live in, not to look at" he quoted and followed. Except for some of his early designs, Bremer's country houses were influenced by English architecture. With their striking chimneys, the two-story bay windows, the round windows, they are reminiscent of the architecture of the architect E.L. Lutyens. Typical of Bremer is the fact that the main entrance, with an eye to privacy, is usually not located on the street side.
In his early designs, Bremer strictly followed the learned rules of the Beaux-Arts. This can be seen in the U-shaped floor plans within which the various elements were grouped symmetrically and the climax that the user had to experience from the entrance to the center of the building. The facades were also symmetrically arranged with a base, often of natural stone, and a frieze and with decorations, never excessive, that emphasized the function of the building. The form and individual structural elements of the building carry symbolic meaning. Another characteristic that would always distinguish Bremer's designs: attention to the position of a building in its existing surroundings. It seemed that Bremer had developed a successful formula for different purposes.
Conclusion
Bremer played an important role in Dutch architectural history, not only as a national architect, but also as a political figure thanks to his influential position.
As deputy, and later in the position of Chief Government Architect, he gave status to national buildings, which were characterized by monumentality, allure and solidity. Through the proportions, the layout of the facades, the use of beautiful, unusual building materials such as different types of brick and natural stone, the use of simplified classical elements and attention to detail, his buildings harmonize with the existing environment. The buildings are massive in form, but thanks to the simplicity and balance between the various architectural elements and attention to detail, they do not appear heavy. He gave special attention to the functionality and internal circulation of the buildings. The buildings were clearly designed for the users.
The Chief Government Architect was able to inspire his collaborators and artists of different disciplines to work together for a common goal.
His work as the Chief Government Architect was subservient and the limitations on his creative freedom were great. He had to wrestle with the demands of the various users with each design, and he was also bound by extreme financial limits, prompted at first by Van Lynden's severe austerity measures, later by the general financial malaise, and finally because of World War II. Nevertheless, it seems that Bremer saw these circumstances more as a challenge than an obstacle. His unbridled dedication and productivity are the main proof of this.
Education:
Hogere Burgerschool Rotterdam/; Polytechnische School Delft/1899-1904
Additional positions:
Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst/architect-member/1908; Bestuur Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, section The Hague/commissioner/1910-1911; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Permanente commissie van onderzoek/member/1915-1917; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie voor het nazien van de rekening en verantwoording van het bestuur/lid/1915; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie ten einde het instituut der schoonheidscommissie en der bouwkundige Adviesbureaux in studie/lid/1917; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie van onderzoek/reservelid/1919; Bouwkundig Weekblad, editorial board/member/1922-1925; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie van Voorlichting/member/1925-1928; Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, Commissie tot reorganisatie van den dienst der landsgebouwen/member/1922; Commissie Jubilee Exhibition 25th anniversary of Queen Wilhelmina's reign/member/1923; Commissie voor de normalisatie van keuringsvoorschriften voor bouwmaterialen/member/1924; Bond van Nederlandse Architecten (BNA)/member/; Exposition des Arts Décoratief et Industriels modernes/participant/1925; Jury Contest Watertoren te Wassenaar/secretary/1927; Commissie Voorlichting BNA (advice regarding the commission for the design of a city hall).b.b.t. assignment design city hall Enschede)/member/1928; Schoonheidscommissie Wassenaar/member/1928-1942; Tentoonstellingsgraad i.v.m. Dutch Pavilion Belgian Exhibition 1929/advisor/1929; Jury Competition City Hall The Hague/member/1929-1935; Jury Competition HAV Bank at Schiedam/member/1929; Committee for Restoration and Extension of Leiden City Hall/member/1930; Municipal Advisory Committee new City Hall and Police Headquarters The Hague/member/1930; Jury Competition for a new traffic road, between the Maas Bridge under construction and the Market Square at Maastricht/member/1931; Municipal Committee of Advisors i.Regarding plans for the new town hall in Leiden/member/1931; Municipal Commission advisors regarding. plans for the new city hall at Leiden/member/1932; Rijkscommissie voor Beeldende Kunstopdrachten/ member/1932; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg/member/1933; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, Sectie voor de instandhouding der Monumenten, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht/member/1934-1936; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht, committee on supervision and restoration and maintenance Leidse stadhuis)/member/1935-1940; Jury HAC (Haagsche Architecten Club) prize for unemployed architects/member/1936; Central committee, advisory committee on bounded arts (architecture)/member/1937-unknown; Jury 2 competitions Group Government Building Service of the Association of Technical Officers in Government and Semi-Government Service (BTA)/member/1939; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, committee for supervision and restoration and maintenance/ vice-chair/1940; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht/place deputy section chairman/1940; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, subcommittee Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Utrecht, committee for supervision and restoration and maintenance Leidse stadhuis, church in Rhenen, buildings Damterrein/member/1941; Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenzorg, daily committee/acting chairman/1945; Bestuur van het Nationale Park Hoge Veluwe, Otterlo/member/1945 (about); Bestuur van het Rijksmuseum Otterlo/member/1945 (about); Voorlopige Monumentenraad, afdeling II Monumentenzorg/member/1946; Provisional Monuments Board Section V, National Commission for the Protection of Monuments from the Danger of War/member and vice-chairman/1946; Commission for the Description of Monuments in Danger of War/ vice-chairman/1946; Provisional Monuments Board, Commission for the Preparation of a Draft Monuments Act/chairman/1946-1949; Beauty Commission The Hague/member/; Commission for the Reconstruction of The Hague/member/1940-1946 (about); Architectural Commission South Holland [for Reconstruction]/member/1941; Reconstruction Rotterdam/supervisor/1941; Board of Assistance of the National Planning Department/head/1944; Provisional Monuments Board Rijkscommissie voor de Monumentenbeschrijving (IV)/member/1946; Jury competition for the extension of Sociëteit De Witte The Hague/member/1924; Jury competition BTA for school building for boys and girls annex kindergarten/member/1939; Jury competition BTA 5 photos modern architecture, 5 photos free subjects/member/1939
Honors:
Knight of the Order of the Dutch Lion/1930
Archives:
Gemeentearchief Rotterdam/population register, inv.no. 3114 (birth certificate), inv.no. 34440 (population register); Noord-Hollands Archief/population register Haarlem 1880-1900, inv.nos. 356, 444, 991; Gemeentearchief Rijskwijk/population register; Gemeentearchief Wassenaar/Oud Archief Wassenaar, population register 1897-1934, part VII, sheet 83, inv.no. 947; Gelders Archive/Municipal Archives Rheden; NAi/BREX (drawings etc.); NAi/BERL, inv.no. 128 b (letter to Berlage); NAi/archive BNA, inv.no. 92 (signed form); RACM/Annual Report of the National Commission for the Preservation of Historic Buildings 1934-1946 and Provisional Monument Board 1946-1962; Central Bureau of Genealogy/inv.no. 9251
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