biographical sketch E.H. Gugel Eugen Heinrich Gugel (1832-1905) was the Netherlands' first professor of architecture in Delft (from 1864 to 1902). This talented German architect became the nestor of architectural education in the Netherlands. Among other things, he wrote two influential works that were used in Dutch Architecture education for decades: History of Architectural Styles (1869) and Architectural Form Theory (1880-1888). The former is a handbook on the history of architecture and the latter a beautiful plate work with examples of numerous architectural details from Western European architecture, accompanied by extensive commentary. Both books were reprinted, edited and used several times until well after Eugen Gugel's death. In addition to his work as a professor and author, Gugel was active as an architect. His buildings aligned with the internationally prevalent neo-Renaissance. In doing so, he was the first architect to apply formal elements from the Dutch Renaissance in nineteenth-century design. This gave contemporary Dutch architecture a recognizable national face. As a result, he exerted great influence on contemporaries. But Gugels significance lies mainly in the fact that as author and teacher he trained and influenced a generation of Dutch architects. Born March 26, 1832, in Bergzabern, Bavaria, Gugel studied there from 1850 at the Polytechnic School in Munich and between 1856 and 1858 at the Königliche Akademie für Bildende Künste in the same town. After completing his studies, Gugel worked for several years for the Bavarian state railroads and in Bavarian public service. Probably through the mediation of the Munich professor L. Lange, Gugel received his appointment in 1864 at the age of 32 as a professor in the Department of Architecture at the Polytechnic School in Delft. When Lange was asked to become a professor in Delft in 1864, following his successful competition entry for a new Dutch Rijksmuseum, the latter recommended his pupil Gugel. The Royal Decree of Gugel's appointment dates from Aug. 25, 1864. Gugel's first assignment in the Netherlands was to act as agent for the competition for the new parliament buildings in The Hague (1865-1866). After an arduous procedure, Gugel made his own design in 1869, which was not carried out. His first design to be realized was for the physics laboratory of the Polytechnic School in Delft (1873-1874). Subsequently, Gugel designed an extension for his own department of architecture, located on Oude Delft. For the student society Minerva, Gugel built a Society building in Leiden, and in The Hague his design for the Building for Arts and Sciences was realized. Another important building by his hand is the Academiegebouw of the Rijksuniversiteit on Domplein in Utrecht (1886). In addition, Gugel participated in several competitions. For example, he produced designs for two German competitions, for a stock exchange building in Frankfurt (1868-1869) and for the Reichstag in Berlin (1882). The drawings make it clear that Gugel's ambitions also extended beyond national borders. And both for the stock exchange building in Frankfurt and later for the prestigious Reichstag building in Berlin, he used his international neo-Renaissance form language. The competition for the Reichstag building came only some ten years after the founding of the second German Empire. Gugel was one of 183 participants in the competition, which was eventually won by Paul Wallot, the architect of the current building. While Gugel was particularly active as an architect in the 1970s, in the 1980s he was especially successful in social life and education. Gugel chaired several competition juries, including the Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst, and also served on the editorial board of Bouwkundig Weekblad. His influence also extended as a teacher of young architects. His pupils would later hold important positions in Dutch architecture. Some examples are: the later government architects D.E.C. Knuttel and W.C. Metzelaar, J. van den Ban in Haarlem, J. Verheul in Rotterdam, J.Th.J. Cuypers, P. du Rieu, J. Klinkhamer and C. Muysken in Amsterdam and J. Jesse in Leiden. Baalman, D., 'The Netherlands' first professor of architecture: Eugen Gugel', De Sluitsteen 7 (1991), 2/3, 43-66. Berens, H., W.N. Rose (1801-1877). Urban planning, civil engineering and architecture, Rotterdam 2001. Gugel, E., History of architectural styles in the main periods of architecture, Arnhem 1869, second edition 1886. Gugel, E., The Academies and art education, Arnhem 1869. Gugel, E., "Architectural education," Questions of Time 1878, volume 3, 204-218. Gugel, E., Architectural theory of form, Amsterdam 1880 (part1), The Hague 1887 (parts 2 and 3), The Hague 1888 (part 4). Gugel, E., Leliman, J.H.W., History of architectural styles in the main epochs of architecture, Rotterdam 1902 (third edition of 1869). Krabbe, C.P., Ambacht Kunst Wetenschap. Bevordering van de bouwkunst in Nederland (1775-1880), Zwolle 1998. Woud, A. van der, Truth and character. The debate on architecture 1840-1900, Rotterdam 1997. Woud, A. van der, The Art of Building. From Classicism to Modernity: The Dutch Architectural Debate 1840-1900, Hants/Burlington 2002.